4. Common disinfectants and their use

Different types of disinfectants are available which will be effective against bloodborne viruses (BBVs). Examples include:

  • bleach products, for example from sodium hypochlorite solution or other sources of chlorine such as sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) soluble tablets
  • alcohol based products, for example containing 60-80% disinfectant sprays or 60-70% alcohol wipes
  • halogenated tertiary amines or quaternary ammonium compounds which are available as spray, ready to use bulk solution, powder or wipes
  • chlorhexidine based products, for example products containing chlorhexidine gluconate which may be combined with alcohol. Such products are likely to be suitable for skin use

Consider the following factors when using disinfectants:

  • evidence of the product's effectiveness against BBVs according to the disinfectant manufacturer
  • use in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions including concentrations, contact times and expiry times
  • the presence of other chemicals may reduce the effect of disinfectants and, or react violently with them. This creates a hazard to those in the vicinity, for example acids or acidic fluids such as urine, with hypochlorite preparations (such as household bleach) generate chlorine gas
  • levels of contamination may vary, and this will influence the degree of cleaning and disinfectant required for different applications. In particular, visible blood or body fluid may require use of a higher concentration of any chosen product
  • compatibility of disinfectants with different types of surfaces of equipment or materials to be cleaned or disinfected
  • whether it is safe to use on skin

All disinfectants are potentially hazardous. An assessment of products in use must form part of the risk assessment from hazardous substances required under the Control Of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH).

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Updated:2023-03-16