Systems / Unit operations

Distillation columns

The failure modes associated with distillation columns are:

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The technical measures that may be appropriate for each of these failure modes are identified in each of the above links.

Corrosion measures

measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving corrosion effects of Distillation Columns are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Coatings	Corrosion monitoring	Emergency response
Selection of materials	Inspection	Isolation
	Leak detection	Plant layout (Escalation)
		PPE
		Secondary containment
		Spill treatment

 

Design fault measures

measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving design fault effects of Distillation Columns are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Design codes - buildings	Inspection	Emergency response
Design codes - plant	Leak detection	Isolation
	Relief systems	Plant layout (escalation)
	Vent systems	PPE
		Secondary containment
		Spill treatment

 

External event measures

measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving external event effects of Distillation Columns are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Design codes - buildings	Flood protection	Emergency response
Design codes - plant	Lightning protection	Isolation
	Relief systems	Plant layout (escalation)
	Wind loading protection	PPE
		Secondary containment
		Spill treatment

 

Fire/explosion measures

measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving fire/explosion effects of Distillation Columns are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Design codes - plant	Active fire protection	Emergency response
Earthing	Relief systems	Isolation
Inerting	Vent systems	Plant layout (escalation)
Hazardous area classification		PPE
Operating procedures		Secondary containment
		Spill treatment

 

Human error measures

measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving human error effects of Distillation Columns are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Operating procedures	Alarms	Emergency response
	Control systems	Isolation
	Training	Plant layout (escalation)
		PPE
		Secondary containment
		Spill treatment

 

Impact measures

measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving impact effects of Distillation Columns are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Lifting procedures	Leak detection	Emergency response
Maintenance procedures	Training	Isolation
Operating procedures		Plant layout (escalation)
Permit to work		PPE
		Secondary containment
		Spill treatment

 

Impurities measures

measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving impurities effects of Distillation Columns are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Operating procedures	Alarms/trips	Emergency response
	Relief systems	Isolation
	Sampling	Plant layout (escalation)
	Training	PPE
		Secondary containment
		Spill treatment

 

Maintenance faults measures

measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving maintenance faults effects of Distillation Columns are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Maintenance procedures	Inspection	Emergency response
	Leak detection	Isolation
	Permit to work	Plant layout (escalation)
	Training	PPE
		Secondary containment
		Spill treatment

 

Overheating measures

measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving overheating effects of Distillation Columns are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Design codes - plant	Alarms	Emergency response
Maintenance procedures	Back up cooling	Isolation
Operating procedures	Training	Plant layout (escalation)
Reliability of utilities	Trips	PPE
	Vent systems	Secondary containment
		Spill treatment

 

Overpressurisation measures

measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving overpressurisation effects of Distillation Columns are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Design codes - plant	Alarms	Emergency response
Operating procedures	Relief systems	Isolation
Maintenance procedures	Training	Plant layout (escalation)
	Trips	PPE
	Vent systems	Secondary containment
		Spill treatment

 

Structural failure measures

measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving structural failure effects of Distillation Columns are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Design codes - buildings	Inspection	Emergency response
Design codes - plant	Relief systems	Isolation
		Plant layout (escalation)
		PPE
		Secondary containment
		Spill treatment

 

Vibration measures

measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving vibration effects of Distillation Columns are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Design codes - plant	Inspection	Emergency response
	Leak detection	Isolation
	Maintenance procedures	Plant layout (escalation)
	Training	PPE
		Secondary containment
		Spill treatment

 

Wrong/defective equipment measures

measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving wrong/defective equipment effects of Distillation Columns are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Change procedures	Alarms/trips	Emergency response
Design codes - plant	Leak detection	Isolation
	Relief systems	Plant layout (escalation)
	Training	PPE
		Secondary containment
		Spill treatment