Confined spaces in port work

People are killed or seriously injured in confined spaces each year in the UK. This happens in a wide range of industries, from those involving complex plant to simple storage vessels.

Those killed include not only people working in the confined space but those who try to rescue them without proper training and equipment.

Where confined spaces are found in ports

Confined spaces may occur in ships holds as well as other locations on docks premises such as warehouses, silos and bins. They are a potential hazard due to a number of causes. These include:

• lack of oxygen - possibly due to absorption of oxygen from the atmosphere by the cargo; rusting of the cargo such as scrap metal; decomposition or rotting of the cargo; or gas cutting/welding;
• Too much oxygen - possibly due to a leak in stored gas bottles which can also increase the flammability of substances
• build up of toxic or flammable gases - possibly due to : decomposition of cargo, leaking cargo, inadequate cleaning processes, or welding/vehicle fumes.

How the risks can be reduced

• Avoid working in the confined space if you can. Can the work be done from outside?
• Follow a safe system of work if you really have to work in a confined space and consider:
  • positive ventilation of the confined space;
    
  • measurement of oxygen or gas concentration;
    
  • controlled access using permit to work systems;
    
  • use of respiratory protective equipment (RPE); and
    
  • arrangements for rescue.
• Never enter the confined space without making proper emergency arrangements. Provide rescue equipment, including harnesses and safety lines. Make sure you can quickly notify the emergency services if necessary.
• With so many people involved in port activities, it’s worth considering a permit-to-work system. This ensures a safe system of work is in place and improves communications.

What law applies?

• The Confined Spaces Regulations 1997

Further information

• Publications and guidance - Confined spaces