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Health and Safety Executive

Pipework

The failure modes associated with Pipework are:

Corrosion
Design Fault
External Event
Fire/Explosion
Human Error
Impact
Impurities

Loss of Utilities
Maintenance Faults
Overfilling
Overheating
Overpressurisation
Structural Failure
Vibration

The technical measures that may be appropriate for each of these failure modes are identified in each of the above links.

Corrosion measures

Measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving corrosion effects of Pipework are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Cathodic Protection	Corrosion Monitoring	Emergency Response
Coatings	Inspection	Isolation
Design Codes - Pipework	Leak Detection	Plant Layout (Escalation)
Inhibitors		PPE
Selection of Materials		Secondary Containment
		Spill Treatment

Design fault measures

Measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving design fault effects of Pipework are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Design Codes - Pipework	Inspection	Emergency Response
		Isolation
		Plant Layout (Escalation)
		PPE
		Secondary Containment
		Spill Treatment

External event measures

Measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving external event effects of Pipework are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Design Codes - Buildings	Flood Protection	Emergency Response
Design Codes - Pipework	Lightning Protection	Isolation
Design Codes - Plant	Relief Systems	Plant Layout (Escalation)
	Wind Loading Protection	PPE
		Secondary Containment
		Spill Treatment

Fire/Explosion event measures

Measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving fire/explosion effects of Pipework are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Design Codes - Plant	Active Fire Protection	Emergency Response
Earthing	Explosion Relief	Isolation
Hazardous Area Classification	Passive Fire Protection	Plant Layout (Escalation)
Inerting	Vent Systems	PPE
		Secondary Containment
		Spill Treatment

Human error measures

Measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving human error effects of Pipework are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Control Room Design	Alarms	Emergency Response
Operating Procedures	Control Systems	Isolation
	Training	Plant Layout (Escalation)
	Warning Signs	PPE
		Secondary Containment
		Spill Treatment

Impact measures

Measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving impact effects of Pipework are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Lifting Procedures	Crash Barriers	Emergency Response
Maintenance Procedures	Traffic Control	Isolation
Operating Procedures	Training	Plant Layout (Escalation)
Permit to Work		PPE
		Secondary Containment
		Spill Treatment

Impurities measures

Measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving impurities effects of Pipework are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Operating Procedures	Relief Systems	Emergency Response
	Sampling	Isolation
	Training	Plant Layout (Escalation)
		PPE
		Secondary Containment
		Spill Treatment

Loss of utilities measures

Measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving loss of utilities effects of Pipework are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Design Codes - Plant	Alarms	Emergency Response
Maintenance Procedures	Back Up Supplies	Isolation
Operating Procedures	Relief Systems	Plant Layout (Escalation)
	Training	PPE
		Secondary Containment
		Spill Treatment

Maintenance faults measures

Measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving maintenance faults effects of Pipework are:

Overfilling measures

Measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving overfilling effects of Pipework are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Maintenance Procedures	Inspection	Emergency Response
	Permit to Work	Isolation
	Training	Plant Layout (Escalation)
		PPE
		Secondary Containment
		Spill Treatment

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Design Codes - Plant	Alarms	Emergency Response
Operating Procedures	Training	Isolation
	Trips	Plant Layout (Escalation)
		PPE
		Secondary Containment
		Spill Treatment

Overheating measures

Measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving overheating effects of Pipework are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Design Codes - Pipework	Alarms	Emergency Response
Design Codes - Plant	Back Up Cooling	Isolation
Maintenance Procedures	Training	Plant Layout (Escalation)
Operating Procedures	Trips	PPE
Reliability of Utilities	Vent Systems	Secondary Containment
		Spill Treatment

Overpressurisation measures

Measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving overpressurisation effects of Pipework are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Design Codes - Plant	Alarms	Emergency Response
Maintenance Procedures	Relief Systems	Isolation
Operating Procedures	Training	Plant Layout (Escalation)
	Trips	PPE
		Secondary Containment
		Spill Treatment

Structural failure measures

Measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving structural failure effects of Pipework are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Design Codes - Buildings/Civil	Inspection	Emergency Response
Design Codes - Pipework		Isolation
Design Codes - Plant		Plant Layout (Escalation)
		PPE
		Secondary Containment
		Spill Treatment

Vibration measures

Measures to prevent, control or mitigate major accidents involving vibration effects of Pipework are:

Prevention	Control	Mitigation
Design Codes - Pipework	Inspection	Emergency Response
Design Codes - Plant	Maintenance Procedures	Isolation
	Training	Plant Layout (Escalation)
		PPE
		Secondary Containment
		Spill Treatment

05 May 2006 10:13:14 +0100

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